What electrons participate in chemical bonding?

answer :   al

explanation :

- for a given redox reaction there must be an oxidizing agent/(s) and a reducing agent/(s).

- the oxidizing agent is the substance that undergoes reduction process (gaining electrons or loss of oxygen atoms), meanwhile, the reducing agent is the substance that undergoes oxidation process (loss of electrons or gaining of oxygen atoms).

- in the reaction above, the oxidation number of (al) in alcl3 is (3+). however, the oxidation number of (al) in the products is zero because it exists as a single element.

therefore, changing from (3+) to zero means gaining of (3) electrons to neutralize the previously existing (3) protons on (al) in alcl3.

so al is the oxidizing agent..

chlorine has the atomic mass of 35.5 and is a non metal in the halogen family

that is a newton.

weight is a force due to gravity.

weight = mass * acceleration due to gravity, which is a particular case of newtons second law f = m * a.

the unit of force is a newton   so a mass of 2 kilograms   = m* g   so its weight in newtons = 2 * 9.81 = 19.62 newtons.

1 newton is   the force causing 1 kilogram to accelerate at 9.81 ms-2.